Military Service Is The Duty Of All Citizens Of A State

This essay will consider to what extent military service is the duty of all citizens of a state. After looking to define key terms in the discussion, and with consideration of the social and military effects of universal military conscription with concise case studies, this essay will conclude that the claim that military service should be an issue of all citizens is, to a degree, valid. Introduction Military service refers to, as the name suggests, serving in a nation’s military force. While many military nations around the world, like the United States and the UK, possess a military apparatus constituted entirely of volunteers, many others, most notably Russia, still maintain a system of conscription, which is the forced induction of a certain portion of the population into national military service. The statement refers to â€Å"military service (†¦) of all citizens†, suggesting a system of universal conscription not really exemplified by any major nation today; the large majority of conscription states do not require women to serve. Even states known for their strict conscription policies, foremost Israel and the DPRK, have maintained selective conscription and exemptions on religious grounds. , Mozambique does have universal conscription, but the logistics of its 11.000-personnel are hardly comparable to major military forces today. China technically req uires military service of all Chinese people as â€Å"sacred obligation†, however in reality this has never beenShow MoreRelatedThe Us Military Is The Most Powerful Organized Military1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe US military is the most powerful organized military for any country in the world. There are currently 1.4 million active duty military personnel and they are paid for their efforts and duties. These brave men and women are paid because ever since the Vietnam War, the United States of America has had a professional military. This means that the common people are not required to serve. The quote that I am going to reflect on is as follows, â€Å"Since the Vietnam War, the U.S. wages war with a professionalRead MoreEssay about Our America: Your Duty1516 Words   |  7 Pagesare two classes of people, Civilians and Citizens. What are the differences? Citizens are the men and women, rich or poor that serve in the Federal Service; service guarantees citizenship. Thi s is a short period in which a person serves in the military. A universal service that requires young (Americans) citizen, men and females: healthy and the disable, to obligatory serve an allotment of time. Basically, you have to earn the right to be called a citizen; this sounds like a good idea. CiviliansRead MorePersuasive Essay About Military Draft1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe military draft is now a thing of the past since World War II and the Vietnam War. Today the military draft seems obsolete with the rise in volunteers. Over the past half-century, military drafts have controlled the fates of eligible men on and off the battlefield. Thankfully this is not the case today with qualified men and women signing up and risking their lives for their country. With the United States at war in the Middle East, having plenty of volunteers is essential in the effort to winRead MoreThe War Of The United States1554 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstood the importance of service to one s society. It existed during the early stages of civilization when hunter-gatherers came of age to hunt with the older men of their clan. It also aided in freeing the United States from the tight grip of British tyranny. It was a burden many understood as relevant, but is now seen in an unappealing light. Former president Abraham Lincoln made a statement that the principle of the draft was not new and has been practiced in all ages of the world. LincolnRead MoreThe Doctrine Is Morally Right Or Wrong1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Secretary of Defense has recently put out an article for guidance to military and government officials during the time of election and change of command of the President of the United States. In summary the article states that military and government officials are restricted from taking part in partisan political activities. â€Å"Active duty personnel may not take part in partisan political activities and should avoid the inference that their political activities or views are sponsored by the DoD†Read MoreTaxation is Oppressive to Freedom1094 Words   |  5 Pagesthis is when a government is given the power to tax its citizens indefinitely, gains the power to destroy personal liberty and society as a whole. One hundred and fifty years later, Robert Nozick, an American libertarian philosophy would farther argue this point by s tating that â€Å"Taxation of earning from labor is on a par with forced labor [civil service] †¦ This makes them a part owner of you.† By doing so, Nozick equates taxation with civil service. Not only does he maintain that they are detrimentalRead MoreConscription Of The United States1076 Words   |  5 Pageswilling to make sacrifices to ensure the future of freedoms and prosperity provided within the United States of America’s borders? Some individuals would argue that it is every able bodied American’s duty to protect our way of life. One method capable of achieving this lofty goal that has been and is used by governments worldwide is conscription. Conscription is mandatory enrollment in a government service or program, typically the armed forces. Additionally, conscription was used by the two greatest pillarsRead MoreThe Military Draft is Unconstitutional Essay724 Words   |  3 Pageswhen a militarized force wasn’t nearly large enough for an impending war as necessary to stand even that of a fighting chance towards victory. Our nation’s solution to this problem was creating the military draft, which most recently was used during the Vietnam War. The military draft, or Selective Service System, is Conscription, or in other words â€Å"forced labor demanded by some established authority† (Worddiq). â€Å"From 1948 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted toRead More Against Reinstating the Military Draft Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Against Reinstating the Military Draft On July 1, 1973, Congress chose to end the draft in favor of an All Volunteer Army. According to The Professional Bulletin of Army History, No. 27, the last man was drafted in December 1972 and reported for training in June 1973. Now, not only might the renewed military draft come back but also the age of compulsory service in the meat grinder might be extended from its former limit of 26 years up to 42 years of age. As Ken Adachi, the editor of Read MoreThe Portrayal Of Women During World War II1468 Words   |  6 PagesSergeant Leigh Ann Hester and nine other soldiers were trailing a military convoy in 2005 when about 50 Iraqi insurgents launched an ambush. Braving machine gun fire and rocket-propelled grenades, Hester, along with her squad leader, successfully flanked and cleared two enemy trenches, killing three of the attackers. For her actions, Hester was awarded the Silver Star--the first female soldier so honored since World War II. (â€Å"The Amazon Edge†) Sergeant Hester’s involvement in this active combat situation

Defies Against the Expectations in The Catcher and the Rye...

There is no character that stands out against the society’s ideals and best represent for teenagers like Holden Caulfield. Like some teens, Holden does not do well in school and eventually gets kick out from one of the most prestigious schools in Agerstown, Pennsylvania: Pencey Prep. He gets so feed up with the school that he decides to leave earlier and travels to New York to have some lone times. During this period, the interactions that he has with the people he meets change his behavior and mind set, especially with Phoebe. In â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† by J.D. Salinger, Holden indeed is still a relatable character through his actions, feelings, and concerns to his family members, especially Phoebe. Holden runs away from the society because of his way of thinking that everyone is â€Å"phony†. At Pencey Prep, he purposely excludes himself from the community and feels alienated at times because he thinks nobody would have the same mind like him. He criticizes his school by sarcastically belittling, â€Å"they don’t do any damn more molding at Pencey than they do at any other school† (Salinger 2). He hates Pencey with a passion because he realizes that the advertisement is just an attraction for parents to pour their money in, but in reality, the school is not as great as it sounds on the paper. Holden most likely feels rip off when he finds out that Pencey is not what he expects from what others say. That is one of the main reasons why he alienates himself from people because he

Medical Science for Atherosclerosis and Embolus - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMedical Science for Atherosclerosis and Embolus. Answer: Vascular monitoring such as checking the flow of blood in the arteries and veins is necessary to monitor health conditions. This kind of monitoring helps to detected the decrease in blood flow in the legs, arms or neck. This may indicate health problems of atherosclerosis, embolus, varicose veins and inflammatory conditions in individual. People with decreased blood flow in the legs may have symptoms of swelling, numbness and weakness. In such case, vascular study is important. This has helped in diagnosing the peripheral artery disease. Effective diagnosing is important as it exposed people to risk of heart attack, ischemic attack and coronary heart disease. Physician may detect peripheral artery disease by means of checking pulses in the leg arteries by a stethoscope (Fowkes et al. 2013). Arteries also play a role in controlling the speed and direction of the blood flow. Therefore, it affects the blood pressure. Veins and arteries also helped in detecting chronic venous diseases. The pathology of the deep vein is complex and chronic obstruction in the vein results in increased resistance to blood flow. This is the reason for abnormalities such as stenosis and rigidity of the vein wall. It also creates risk of cardiovascular disease in patients. Physical examination is done in CVD patients by abdominal region inspection and inspection for the presence of venous collaterals on the lower abdomen, flanks and abdominal region. Physician also conduct physical examination to identify signs of arterial insufficient and other neurological pathology. Therefore, inspection of vein and arteries help in monitoring and detecting disease. Reference Fowkes, F.G.R., Rudan, D., Rudan, I., Aboyans, V., Denenberg, J.O., McDermott, M.M., Norman, P.E., Sampson, U.K., Williams, L.J., Mensah, G.A. and Criqui, M.H., 2013. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis.The Lancet,382(9901), pp.1329-1340. Wittens, C.D.A.H., Davies, A.H., Bkgaard, N., Broholm, R., Cavezzi, A., Chastanet, S., De Wolf, M., Eggen, C., Giannoukas, A., Gohel, M. and Kakkos, S., 2015. Editor's choicemanagement of chronic venous disease: clinical practice guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,49(6), pp.678-737.

Management for Cultural Diversity and Economic Performance

Question: Discuss about theManagement for Cultural Diversity and Economic Performance. Answer: Management is one of the most varied functions in an organization. The manager is imbibed with many responsibilities and shoulders the performance of the entire organization. The role of the manager is varied and the individual has to deal with various situations in the organization effectively so that the performance excels (Beverungen, Bhm and Land 2015). The manager has a variety of duties to perform and is faced with new challenges on a daily basis. The main aspect that will be dealt with in this essay is the management of cultural diversity and how it can be dealt with in an effective way by the manager. The workplace is growing diverse in nature due the phenomenon of globalization that is spreading rapidly. The organizations recruit people from various backgrounds and the employee bas diverse immensely in terms of culture. The management of cultural diversity remains one of the biggest challenges that an organization is faced with in this period of globalization (Guillaume et al. 2017). The employees have different ideas and conceptions and such variation may lead to many conflicts in the organizational processes. The manager has to make sure that all the employees are on the same page in a certain topic and that common consensus is achieved in order to secure organizational excellence. The role of the manager remains in the fact that the person has to bring together all the employees together and each of them should be given importance. Any kind of cultural dominance should be avoided in the organization so that every employee feels free in the working environment. The effective ma nagement has to be ensured by making sure that the management works towards unifying the employee base. The manager has to ensure that the in house communication of the organization is efficient and every employee is well connected with the management. The grievances of the employees should be directly communicated to the manager and the required steps should be taken so as to ensure that trust is built in the organization. The manager has to make sure that the company enacts the open door policy so that anyone can walk up to the manager and speak of any problem that the person might be facing in relation to the work environment. Effective management qualities to manage the culture diversity in the employee base will to make sure that each of the employees has an equal voice in the organizational decisions. The diversity in the work environment can cause several issues but the manager has to ensure that the diversity is used positively instead. Cultural diversity will mean that peop le will have different views on certain topics and the working style will also vary from the traditional practice (Bellini et al. 2013). Though it is essential to make sure that the diversity of the employees is respected and there is no derogatory attitude towards any of the prevalent cultures in the organization, a common work culture has to be formulated and each of the employees must adhere to it (Cascio 2018). The diversity that is prevalent should be used to maximize the production of the organization. It is to be noted that every culture has a certain positives and it can be seen that there can be people from the varying culture who have certain expertise due to the different cultural background. Such expertise and advantages should be used by the manager in favor of the organization and this can lead to enhanced output from the employees. The role of the manager is essential in making sure that employees work and bring excellence to the organization. The diversity has to be managed and the employee base has to be managed in such a way that the diversity becomes strength for the organization. The perspectives of the individuals may vary from each other but it has to be made sure that the pursuance of organizational goals remains the foremost concern. The work environment has to be made motivating for all so that the employees do not hesitate to open up themselves and make sure that the best results are delivered for the company. The cultural diversity will keep growing each day and hence the manager has to be efficient and has to communicate more with the employees so to get everyone on the same page. Reference Bellini, E., Ottaviano, G.I., Pinelli, D. and Prarolo, G., 2013. Cultural diversity and economic performance: evidence from European regions. InGeography, institutions and regional economic performance(pp. 121-141). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Beverungen, A., Bhm, S. and Land, C., 2015. Free labour, social media, management: Challenging Marxist organization studies. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A., 2017. Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303.

communication Essays (242 words) - Group Processes,

Communication is a very important asset to have in the workplace. Employees and managers must be able to communicate with each other in order to successfully operate a business. Communication can be anything from in-person meetings, to emails, to formal and informal conversations. Lack of communication can sometimes result in major consequences. Managers run the risk of creating errors and misunderstandings between themselves and the employees. These errors and misunderstandings can be detrimental to a company if they are not handled correctly. ?When workers do not communicate effectively with management, managers risk losing the perspective of those doing the day-to-day labor. Ineffective communication between managers can lead to wide-ranging implications for an organization? (Argosy Online, Module 7).Communication is significant in making important decisions. Li, the CEO of Celia Jane, believes that it is better for his employees to work in teams. He feels that working in groups aids creativity and productivity. However, working in groups doesn?t always work to its advantage. There can be consequences to this as well. Factors such as social loafing, free riding, the sucker effect, process loss, and groupthink can affect the organization?s productivity. Working in groups can sometimes be a bad idea because there are many ideas and emotions involved. People see things differently and may not want to cooperate with the rest of the group. It can be quite chaotic due to the differences of opinions and ideas.

The Beginning of Art essays

The Beginning of Art essays The unbroken line of art reaches all the way back to the ancient caveman scribing on a wall. That didn't start with just one prehistoric caveman; there must have been many around the world who evolved to the point of desire for bringing order out of chaos; in an effort to communicate their ideas to others. Examples of this type of primative art are found all over the world. Which is evidence there was a common thread of human need for this type of expression. It had to evolve out of a basic human psychic need that necessitated a desire toward noting ones surroundings; an effort to control their world. This is all extremely important to us because this was how Cro-Magnon Man first distinguished himself from Neanderthal Man. I should mention here that Neanderthal Man didn't have the physical capability to talk, he must have grunted. He lacked the physical vocal cord development that Cro-Magnon Man had. We are believed to be descended from Cro-Magnon Man. So what we are actually l ooking at with cave painting is the early development of thought, communication, the development of speech and the early data-base. Through this art we are given an insight into the evolution of the brain of man. Just think, if man never had the ability to speak, like the Neanderthal's who became extinct, there would be no way for the brain to develop - to form symbols - and eventually speak. Which of course leads to developing a data-base of knowledge that can be passed from one generation to another. That's why the early cave art is so important to us. In academic art history we tend to overlook the first scratches of primitive man; leaving their endeavor to be recorded and catalogued by the archeologist, anthropologist, paleontologist and so on. Indeed it is a vital part of our evolution and also our art history. In 1995 conducted dating adds an unexpected dimension to the find. In fact, three samples taken from two charcoal ...

Asbestos exposure from the World Trade Center disaster Research Paper

Asbestos exposure from the World Trade Center disaster - Research Paper Example f the World Trade Towers (WTC) following the aftermath of the 9-11 terrorist attacks, which was one of the most catastrophic kind of political, economic, and the social disaster to have ever occurred in America. Working as a consultant at the Acme Industrial Consultants, the task involved was to conducting air samples to find out on the toxins found on the air after this attack. Since 2001, many people exposed to this debris and the dust from the events of the collapse of towers are still suffering from various health complications, ranging from the difficulty in breathing and extending into different forms of cancer. In response to these effects, our research team sampled asbestos products that are responsible for causing deadly toxins, including mercury and barium (Landrigan et al., 2004). The events of the 9-11 attack caused the building and debris to burn for nearly four months, leading to the release of carcinogens into the air that made it inevitable for the citizens who ended up getting infections with the deadly diseases like mesothelioma and lung cancer. Meosthelioma, even though a rare disease, occurs through the exposure to asbestos (Herdt-Losavio et al., 2008). This prompted the Acme Industrial Hygiene Consultants into studying the air samples from the World Trade Centre that have been subject to expose to the burning of asbestos. In order to sample results of the study, we chose to use the World Trade Centre data, instead of using an AIHA Statistical Spreadsheet for assessing health risk of asbestos in the air samples obtained from the World Trade Centre. The sampling was subject to accomplish through modeling, characterization and communication. The test then enhanced EPA asbestos health risk assessment by the aid of non-linear and asbestos fiber type specific protocols. The study was to follow by evaluating on the epidemiological data as to be forming the basis of risk assessment model. The following are results from using the World Trade Centre

Role of financial analysts in banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Role of financial analysts in banking - Essay Example Many recent financial reporting scandals (e.g. the Enron Scandal) have been attributed to poor corporate governance oversight, understatement of the role of financial analyst and poor financial reporting process (Weintrop, Li & Byard 2006). As a response to these financial reporting scandals, regulators and major stock exchanges have implemented new rules designed to improve the quality of corporate governance, strengthen the role of financial analyst (e.g., by requiring audit committees to be fully independent, role of financial analyst to include both financial and non financial information). Implicit in these regulatory changes is a belief that such measures will eventually improve the quality of information available to the users of financial reports (e.g., financial analysts) (Baker 1988, Covrig & Low 2005, Weintrop, Li & Byard). Baker (1988) studies the important role of sell-side financial analysts on capital markets and by means of his analysis earnings forecasts and recommendations, financial analysts have a significant influence on the investment community (Lybaert & ORens 2007). Lybaert & ORens (2007) study how the use of non-financial information influences financial analyst forecast. ... such measures will eventually improve the quality of information available to the users of financial reports (e.g., financial analysts) (Baker 1988, Covrig & Low 2005, Weintrop, Li & Byard). These researchers however, have focused their studies on the importance of financial analyst to the economy. Baker (1988) studies the important role of sell-side financial analysts on capital markets and by means of his analysis earnings forecasts and recommendations, financial analysts have a significant influence on the investment community (Lybaert & ORens 2007). Lybaert & ORens (2007) study how the use of non-financial information influences financial analyst forecast. The researchers came to the conclusion that financial analyst who use more forward-looking information and more internal-structure information offer more accurate forecasts for investors and the organisation in which they work for. The same idea was supported by Vanstraelen, Zarzeski, and Robb (2003) when they find out that disclosure of non-financial forward-looking information was directly related to the accuracy of the analysts' earnings forecasts. Weintrop, Li & Byard (2006) examine the association between corporate governance and the quality of information available to financial analyst. They test this assertion by studying the association between corporate governance and the quality of financial analysts' information 1.2Problem Statement and Research questions Much prior research on financial analyst has tended to describe and focus on how investors react to financial analyst information in general (e.g. Baker 1988, Paperman, and O'Hara & Easley 1998). Today, attention is gradually being shifted to the importance of their role in the economy, their use of financial and non-financial measures

Fundamentals of Property Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fundamentals of Property Law - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the expression 'the fee simple of the land' naturally means the fee simple as the highest estate unencumbered and subject to no conditions. Because the discharge of the mortgage was forged by Brown, the property naturally has some encumbrances. The deal has fallen through basically because of the whole debacle with Brown, who was hired by Hollis. In order for Lowe to acquire the property, everything must be resolved regarding the discharge of the mortgage. As it stands, just because Hollis possessed the land did not necessarily mean that he had total ownership. â€Å"Under the existing law of real property, the mere possession of land did not prove ownership conclusively.† As such, it must be noted that a fee simple is the closest thing to absolute ownership in Australia that one can have, however it does not mean that one necessarily completely owns the property. This may be difficult to understand, but basically, it is a guarant or that someone cannot just blatantly take over someone else’s property if there are encumbrances upon the piece of land being sold, similar to liens in other countries. Advise on the interest that Phil has in Savacre. Would it make any difference to your answer if Phil’s lease was only for a period of one year?   Phil has several options here. For starters, he may decide to sue Lowe for having acted upon his intention to demolish the property before Phil’s lease was up. Another issue to consider is the fact that Hollis may be getting a capital loss from the property. â€Å"[T]he owner of a building could grant a rent-free lease over the building to an associate and possibly crystallize a capital loss if it then sold the encumbered property to a third party at its reduced market value.†

Annotated Bibliography: Drug Delivery Mechanisms

Annotated Bibliography: Drug Delivery Mechanisms LITERATURE REVIEW Nyol et al., had presented thesis on among all dosage forms tablet is the most popular dosage form existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; sometimes immediate onset of action is required than conventional therapy in many cases. So that to overcome these drawbacks, immediate release dosage form has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. Immediate drug release dosage forms disintegrate rapidly after administration with enhanced rate of dissolution tablets .The objective of this work was to explain about immediate release tablets. P. Rohini et al., Developed oral disintegrating tablets of Rosuvastatin by superdisintegrants addition method by direct compression technique using sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, lycoat Rs 720 and cross povidone in different concentrations. All the formulations were evaluated for disintegration, hardness, friability, dug content and dissolution study. The best release formulation was compared with the marketed product of Rosuvastatin. Bheemeswara rao k et Al., The objective of this study was to develop immediate release film coated tablets of Rosuvastatin by wet granulation method. Different formulations were made by using various concentrations of superdisintegrants ployplasdon XL-10 and granulating fluids like water, isopropyl alcohol and butyl hydroxyl toluene. Opadry pink was used as film coating material. The prepared tablets were evaluated for the physical characteristics, invitro dissolution and stability. Mayank Bansal., et.al.Zaltoprofen is a nont concentran-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) with powerful analgesic action on inflammatory pain. The purpose of this research work was to formulate an immediate release tablet of Zaltoprofen for the treatment of pain and inflammation, by using superdisintegratnts such as Croscarmellose sodium and different grades of microcrystalline cellulose. Immediate release tablets of Zaltoprofen were prepared by direct compression method using superdisintegratnts such as Croscarmellose sodium and different grades of microcrystalline cellulose in different ratios. Sodium starch glycolate was added to aid disintegration. Murdochet al., 2005 :( Escitalopram (Cipralex ®, Lexaproâ„ ¢), the activeS-enantiomers of the racemic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (RS-citalopram), is a highly selective inhibitor of the serotonin transporter protein. It possesses a rapid onset of antidepressant activity, and is an effective and generally well tolerated treatment for moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder (MDD). Pooled analyses from an extensive clinical trial database suggest that escitalopram is consistently more effective than citalopram in moderate-to-severe MDD. Mishra DN et al., 2005: Formulated rapid disintegrating oral tablets of valdecoxib using super disintegrating agents such as crosspovidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate. The results showed rapid disintegration with use of cross caramellose sodium at low concentrations.   Chaudhari PD et al., 2005: Formulated fast dissolving tablets of famotidine by using croscaramellose sodium and crospovidone as superdisintegrants. Famotidine was initially masked for its bitter taste by preparing solid dispersion with eudragit E100. Compressed tablets containing different concentrations of super disintegrants showed disintegration time between 11 to 26 seconds. Invitro release was about 92% to 1005 at the end of 12 minutes. Schreimer T et al., 2005: Investigated about the mechanism of immediate drug release from solid oral dosage forms. They found that starch and cellulose substances favoured the matrix disintegration and the generation of effective dissolution surface of the drug substances. They developed a mathematical model suitable for the characterization and optimization of immediate drug release by the choice and modification of excipients. Stanifort John N et al., 2004: Studied that microcrystalline cellulose excipients having improved compressibility whether utilized in direct compression, dry granulation or wet granulation and possess excellent disintegration and dissolution properties when exposed to gastrointestinal fluid. Emily R et al., 2004: Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is used as a neuroendocrine probe in human subjects to assess serotonin function as reflected in prolactin and plasma cortisol release. Citalopram is a racemic mixture of equal proportions of the S(+) and R(−) enantiomers. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake and, consequently, antidepressant activity is associated, almost exclusively, with the S(+) enantiomers (â€Å"escitalopram†). Shirwaikar A et al., 2004: Carried out formulation of fast dissolving tablets of granisetron hydrochloride using super disintegrants by direct compression method, formulation containing crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium displayed shortest disintegration time compared to other disintegrants. Shimizu T et al., 2003: Performed the formulation study of lansaprazole fast disintegrating tablet by MCC, low substituted hydroxyl propylcellulose and cross povidone as binders and disintegrants respectively. Formulation showed rapid disintegration of tablets in mouth (not more than 30 seconds). Larry Augsburger L et al., 2002: Studied about characterization and functions of super disintegrants. In recent years, several newer disintegrants have been developed called superdisintegrants and these disintegrants may be organized into three classes based on their chemical structure (such as SSG, crospovidone and croscaramellose sodium). It was concluded that these would be used at lower levels than starch and any possible adverse effect on fluidity would be minimized.   Bi YX et al., 1999: Evaluated rapidly disintegrating tablets prepared by direct compression method using excipients MCC, lactose, croscaramellose sodium and erythritol. Within the optimal region, the minimum tensile strength was 5kg/cm2 while the maximum disintegration time was 15 seconds. The method described here was useful for the preparation of rapidly disintegrating tablets. Chetan N. Yeole et al., Formulated and evaluated paroxetine immediate release tablets. Paroxetine is a selective serotonine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used in treatment of depression. Paroxetine immediate release tablet have been prepared by direct compression method. Effect of various fillers and disintegrants were also explored. MCC and DI-Tab were used as directly compressible fillers. In order to obtain acceptable product several trials were conducted. Various pharmacopoeial evaluations of the formulations were conducted including weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution. Final selection of formulation was done on pharmaceutical equivalence of developed formulation to that of marketed one. Rishikesh et.al. Studied Immediate Release Drug Delivery Systems. Oral administration is the most popular route for the systemic effects due to its ease of ingestion, pain, avoidance, versatility and most importantly patient compliance. Tablets or capsules are most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however in many cases immediate onset of action is required than conventional therapy. By using MCC, DI-TAB, CCS, SSG like excipients we will achieve the immediate release. Syed azeem.et.al Studied immediate Release Drug Delivery Systems. Tablet is the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however in many cases immediate onset of action is required than conventional therapy. To overcome these drawbacks, immediate release pharmaceutical dosage form has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. There are novel types of dosage forms that act very quickly after administration. The basic approach used in development tablets is the use of superdisintegrants like Cross linked carboxy methyl cellulose, Sodium starch glycolate, Poly vinyl pyrrolidone etc. which provide instantaneous disintegration of tablet after administration. Immediate release liquid dosage forms and parenteral dosage form have also been introduced for treating patients.

A Child Called IT Essay -- essays research papers

A Child Called IT What did I learn from this book? The only thing that comes to mind when I'm asked that question is pain. I didn't know what real pain was until I tried to understand what this child went through. Everything that meant anything to him, his family, those who should be the closest, was drowned out. He didn't know what to think and so often in the world today, we are naive. We don't have a clue of how life could be, and of how lucky we truly are to have the kinds of backgrounds that we were blessed with. On a more professional note, I learned that this type of obsession can take over one's life until they don't know what is real anymore. All they have in their mind is their uncontrolled illusion. It is really hard to not get angry at these people. One must realize that they...

Impact of Culture on Web Design Essay

Websites allow global product and services distribution through intranets, extranets and internet Websites. Both groups of designers and professional analysts concur that a well-designed user interface is an essential component that improves the appeal and operation of the Web, allowing â€Å"browsers† or â€Å"tourists† to be converted into â€Å"customers† and â€Å"residents.† Recognizing demographic diversity and understanding the users are the two main focus of attention in the user-interface development process. However, these differences may demonstrate worldwide cultures in a global economy. The impact of culture in web content and tools is a factor which companies that aim to engage in online international business should consider. Few important pointers should be regarded. For instance, a person has a favorite website, how might this site be understood in countries like Paris, USA, London, Japan, or India, assuming that enough verbal translation are carried out? There might be something in a website’s metaphors, interaction, mental model or even the appearance offend or alienate a user. The date, most particularly, the year, is also one of the factors to be considered. For instance, the year is 2000; in other country’s systems it is 1420, 4698 or 5760. The mere counting system might alienate or confuse users of another culture who are using their own native system. Take into account the order in which an individual prefer to retrieve information. If one is planning to travel by train, would he or she want to check the scheduled information first or go over the organization and evaluate its credibility? Diverse cultures look for different information before they come up with decisions. The complex interaction of user, engineering demands, marketing and business must be decided by web user-interface and information designers. However, as they accomplish these tasks, they would do well to consider their own cultural orientation and to analyze the processes and preferred structures of other cultures. This process would serve to reach a more desirable global solutions or to decide as to what degree customized designs might be best than universal ones. Cultures, especially within other nations, are very different. Colors in Judeo-Christian that are considered sacred are different from the Buddhist and Islam. The designs for background screen patterns might not be suited in Mediterranean climates or in other countries. All these differences run deeper than mere visual aspects; they portray strong cultural values. How might all these differences be translated without getting into the trap of culture-stereotyping? According to Hofstede (as cited in Aaron Marcus and Associates, Inc, n.d.), a Dutch cultural anthropologist who developed the cross-cultural theory, it is hard to establish complete criteria pertaining to what is noble from what is disgusting. Bias will always be a factor because the cultural values of the people are based on their environment and early childhood. Not all in a society meets the cultural pattern but there is adequate demographic regularity to distinguish trends and tendencies. Such trends and tendencies must not be perceived in a negative way as if creating negative stereotypes, instead, be identified as patterns of values and thoughts. It is important to collaborate to accomplish practical goals without expecting anyone to believe, think and act identically. Hofstede presented his five dimensions of culture which have implications on web design. If Hofstede’s theory becomes recognized for user-interface design, perhaps people need to modify the present practices and develop new instruments. People must make it feasible to produce several website versions in a cost-effective way, maybe using templates or any versioning instruments. As the web keeps on developing globally, addressing all the concerns using exploration and exploitation, the cultural dimensions will be a necessity and not just one of the options for a successful theory. References Aaron Marcus and Associates, Inc. (n.d.) User interface design. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www.amanda.com/home/home_f.html

The Case of American Involvement in the Philippines Insurrection and the French in Algeria

The Case of American Involvement in the Philippines Insurrection and the French in Algeria Introduction The French involvement in Algeria and the American involvement in the Philippines during the 19th and 20th centuries are comparable as both nations applied military warfare to quell insurgents. However, several differences between the two cases are evidence. The purpose of this paper is to develop a comparative analysis of the French military involvement in Algeria and the American military incursion in Philippines.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Case of American Involvement in the Philippines Insurrection and the French in Algeria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tactical strategic principles applied by the French in Algeria versus those applied by the US in the Philippines Similarities The French military involvement in Algeria during the counterinsurgency displayed a couple of similarities and differences with the tactics that the American forces used in countering the insurgency in Philippine. T aking the military tactics at the strategic and organizational levels, it is worth noting that the French in Algeria used military tactics aimed at controlling the situation. Both focused on controlling some important economic and political areas like the ports (House, 2008). They hoped to establish some ‘free fire zones’, where the insurgents would not attack, while leaving out the others areas of less economic important prone to insurgency. This is similar with what the Americans had done years before in the Philippine Islands (Boot, 2002). The Americans were interested in controlling some major islands of economic importance as well as major cities where American and European interest would be guarded. Most other areas considered of less military and economic importance were left prone to rebel attacks. Secondly, both the US and the French militaries won the war against insurgency due to their ability to mobilize and achieve international support. In addition, they w ere capable of providing their troops with adequate supplies and support, while ensuring that the insurgents had little support and resources at their disposal (Boot, 2002). In fact, both the US and the French achieved success over the rebels through cutting them off from vital resources and logistics rather than using excessive force to persuade them. In both cases, the foreign powers’ military involvements were not accepted at home, despite the government support the militaries had. For instance, in New York and Washington, a number of demonstrations took place, with the people calling the government to withdraw its forces from Manila and relinquish power to the locals (Horne, 1977).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, the French were not happy with the incursions in Algeria, despite the government’s continued support to the military counterinsurgency ef forts. In both cases, the war took an incredible toll of lives, especially the locals rather than the opposing forces. Finally, the French and American forces in Algeria and Philippines respectively suffered guerilla-like attacks as both the Philippine rebels and the Berbers in Algeria, once they saw they could not fight the foreign powers, resolved to guerilla warfare. This is the point at which both the French and the American forces lost a good number of their troops. Differences On the other hand, the two cases differed significantly. While the American involvement in the Philippines resulted into the foreign power relinquishing power and appointing locals in major offices, the French in Algeria were determined to hold on to the rule, as it was common with the European colonialists (Boot, 2002). Secondly, the American goal to stick in the Philippines was not actually to maintain its rule there, rather it wanted to protect itself from possible attacks by Japan and her allies (Med off, 2011). On the other hand, the French were interested to maintain Algeria as a colony and increase its influence over the entire North African region. Moreover, while American forces seem to have allowed the insurgents to retain their rule over some islands, the French forces in Algeria carried out massive attacks and isolation of the insurgents, driving them into the mountains and deserts where their rule could not be viable (Medoff, 2011: House, 2008). References Boot, M. (2002). The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power. New York: Basic Books. Horne, A. (1977). A Savage War of Peace. New York: The Viking Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Case of American Involvement in the Philippines Insurrection and the French in Algeria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More House, J. M. (2008). Historical Case Study: The French in Algeria, 1954-62. New York: US Army Sergeants Major Academy. Me doff, A. (2011). COIN and HNGs: Philippine Insurrection (1899-1902). Web.

buy custom David Fincher’s Style essay

buy custom David Fincher’s Style essay This paper seeks to analyze the styles of David Fincher as a director. His achievement in cinematography has been because of his unique style as a director. It is quite difficult to separate the facts from the opinions when it comes to David Fincher. However, this paper seeks to separate the two by analyzing the different aspects of the director; David Fincher. Analysis of David Finchers Style as a Director Fincher began his career from a very low point by directing commercials but soon moved into music videos. His fast rise has been attributed to his unique style and auteur for his work. He later moved to greater heights as a movie or film director. His directing skills are very unique in comparison with other directors of his time. Fincher actually used weather such as rain or shadows to conceal the figures and faces of the actors in the film. (Judith, 2003) This is a style that has never been seen before and it attracted many reviews and reaction from the film industry. Finchers style also included fluid tracking with a camera and single frame intact. He had a very unique tendency of shrinking Hollywood endings in a way that represented a very strong and unique style of evidence. This skill was notable in a few films among the many films that he directed namely; fight club, panic room and Se7en.In these films , Fincher uses the elements of weather to bring out emotions and feelings. For example, he uses rain to mark a mood; he also uses the rain to set up a climatic change. On the other hand, in the movie Se7en, Fincher greatly heightens the general outlook and feeling of the city into a city that is of bleak despair. As the rain showers fall on the specific actors, the story line of the film follows the intelligence and style that uses rain and water in a unique way. In the film fight club, Fincher uses rain to mark the most dramatic moments in the films. One of the dramatic moments in the film is a part where there is a heated argument amongst the actors. It is important note that in order for a director to outshine the actors, the director does not only require skill but also requires having auteur as a film maker. (Ferrara, 2011) Fincher has outshined most of the actors in the films he directed because of his auteur and unique directing styles. Finchers auteur is his stampin all of his work in the film industry. This is because Fincher uses an objective and specific way that has taken subjective scripts and changed them into their own different world. Fincher has only been making movies for a couple of decades but has hit the peak of the film industry through his unique style in directing the films. Fincher focuses on sharp dialogue, strong characters and electronic scores that make the film epic and the characters look like portraits. What Theme did David Fincher use in the Films? David Fincher used theme of unity, electronic scores, and strong characters, theme of noir, music, and sharp dialogue among any themes. In the film fight club, Fincher outlined the narrators background. In this film he used a theme that tried to deal with concepts in the lives of the actors in an idealistic fashion. Fight club was initially seen as sinister or a seditious film .Fincher used the concept theme to change it into a funny and seditious film. He was able to achieve this by including the element of humor to the element of temper. According the Edward Norton, fight club probed into the element of despair and analysis. This is because it probed the frustrations of the people that live in the system of the film .Fincher adds a visual effect to his films to add or depict the inside of the narrators brain at a telescopic level. Flincher also used musical theme to bring out style in a unique way. He sought for a band which had never recorded in a film. He used the music to break ground in the film and achieve a nontraditional score. David Fincher also used a cinematography theme that gave him maximum flexibility in composing the shots. He applied a lurid skill that made people sort and shiny instead of bland and realistic. This helped to apply a mundane look to nighttime exteriors by including a variety of colors. This technique and style was used in the film fight club. This film was filmed mostly at night. The crew used lights form inexpensive lambs to create a glow in the back ground. Fincher also used subliminal frames in fight club. He uses this theme to an illusion and show that the hero only existed on the periphery of the narrators mind or consciousness.( Hill, 2010) Fight Club Film Directted by David Fincher The fight club film starred Edward Norton, Brad Pitt and Helen Carter. Fincher intended the violence in the film to serve as a unique metaphor in the conflict between the generation of young people and the value of advertising. In order to achieve this, he used homoerotic overtones to keep the audience of the film uncomfortable and looking forward to the end, which in this case is a very twisting end. In this film Fincher includes the element of humor to the element of temper in order to create a sinister element. Fincher also added to his theme by using visual effects. He achieved this by utilizing previsualized footage of challenging visual effect as a tool. He added a musical theme this filming. Taking into consideration this film was mostly filmed at night. Fincher used shadows and color to achieve the effects. He also added a theme of light by using inexpensive lambs which helped to cat shadows on the many areas in the film. David Finchers Style in the Fight Club Film as Compared to his Other Films Fight club involves and narrates a neo noir theme but is classified as a retro noir film. This is because of the gender presentation in the film. These films allow the survival, thriving, crime solving of the female gender without the assistance of men. On the other hand, the film fame fatale introduces a heroic chic who exists in a criminal and dangerous world. The female actor is presented as necessary but not peripheral as opposed to the female actors in the film fight club. In fight club a disintegrating body is the center of slanting trauma while in other films the slanting trauma does not come out so strongly. (Hill, 2009) The costumeric culture in the fight club film shapes the male identity and ignores the capitalism in totality. This is a style that is not seen in any of David Finchers other films. Conclusion David Fincher has made a big impact in the film world and the world as well by his unique and different directing styles. This has not only put him at the top in the filming business but has also made him win awards for his unique style in the directing of films. His style as a director has added value to the filming industry and improved many aspects of directing. Buy custom David Fincher’s Style essay

US deprartment of health and human services Research Paper

US deprartment of health and human services - Research Paper Example Public Health Service agencies and three of them belong to the Human Services. With the help of these operating agencies and the effectual programs, the HHS focuses on providing high levels of health quality and necessary human services all over the nation (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services n.d.). HHS was established on 11 April, 1953 as the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to broaden the horizons of health and human services standards in U.S.A. It also has one of the largest budget records with administration of more grant dollars than any other Federal agency (Okray 2010). The historical development of the department, its major goals and mission statement along with the basic structure of the department are included in the research paper. Furthermore, HHS provides a dynamic career opportunity for the health professionals with a plethora of professional positions. HHS performs and assists various health related activities nationwide for the better good of the Americans. With a mission statement of providing necessary human services and protecting the health of Americans nationwide, the HHS constitutes 40 percent of the United States federal government’s expenditure (Department of Health and Human Services n.d.). These functions include research work in the medical and social science area of study and the necessary preventive measures to control the spread of infectious disease outbreaks. Another important function is to ensure the usage and administration of healthy food and safe drugs nationwide. HHS also focuses on programs for the support of child education, health and support for disabled children. Maternal and child health enforcement and provision of pre-school academic services are also included in the plan of HHS. Child abuse and domestic violence are two significant social problems prevalent in U.S. The HHS also supports progr ams that work

Criticism of the play <Spring Awakening> Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criticism of the play - Essay Example The play also portrays some teenager boys on their way to learn about sexuality and experiencing frustrating thoughts and dreams. The teenagers were exposed to some information through some books and pictures that eventually instigate the desire for physical intimacy among them. The play shows their attempts to make them aware of the sexuality and physical relationship. The play is focused upon a highly sensitive but serious and important issue. The play tells about the efforts of the society to step teenage sexuality that have different types of impacts upon them. The original play contains some very bold scenes about abortion and sexuality but this musical adaptation covers all the topics in very effective and interesting manner. The play powerfully portrays the frustration, pain and joys of being young and the intricate feelings and changing emotions that the youngster experience during this phase of life. The play shows that this phase is very delicate and complex and the society and parents should take great care of the children so that they could bit be a victim of any sexual abuse. The excitements of the youth are beautifully presented through rock music in the play. The musical instruments are brilliantly used in the play to effectively describe the emotions and frustrated feelings of the adolsent. Since the issue is very sensitive and complex the words are not always enough to express and explain the desired emotions. At these places, the director has made adequate use of music to convey the ideas and thoughts to the audience in perfect manner. The musical adaptation of the play is very appealing because it involves the audiences and makes them feeling the deep emotions and feelings of the youngsters. The play received very positive response from the literary critics and general public because it allows the audiences to feel

The Whole Foods Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Whole Foods Company - Essay Example With regard to the Company's five main classes of property and equipment, the overall balance for 2005 was $1,054, 605. A slight Depreciation and amortization costs totaled $129.8 million for the year. Accumulated accelerated depreciation and other asset impairments came to an estimated $5.9 million, and interest capitalized during the fiscal year was an estimated $3 million. Further, development costs of new stores approximated $207.8 million. In November of 2005 leases were signed for an additional 65 store developments. As to business combinations, the Company acquired assets from "Select Fish" in October 2003, and from "Fresh and Wild" in January 2004. Select Fish is a seafood processing and distribution factory based in Seattle, Washington. Fresh and Wild operates seven natural and organic food outlets in London and Bristol in England. Both stock acquisitions made use of the "purchase method" so that the purchase price was made on tangible and identifiable intangible assets, which was based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The estimated losses from Katrina justify this partial-disclosure that; informs stakeholders of the losses incurred due to the unexpected event in New Orleans; provides an estimate for insurance costs; lists losses; and highlights strategies to adapt to the change (e.g., costs written off as store expenses).

Development from birth †19 years Essay Example for Free

Development from birth – 19 years Essay The guide below explains what you might expect from the development of the child through various ages: Physical development: this refers to the body increasing in ability and functionality and comprises of gross motor skills (using large muscles) with movement in their legs and arms whilst also developing fine motor skills (precise use of muscles) such as the movement of fingers and toes. New born babies will lie on their backs with their head held to one side yet turn their head looking for a teat or nipple. They will have primitive reflexes such as swallowing, rooting, grasping, stepping and sucking. By 1 month old head control will be still be unsteady, and their hands will be in tight fists. Babies will grasp at objects that have touched the palm of their hands. they may turn their heads and eyes in unison and smile at familiar faces, smells or sounds, they also like to observe the face of adults at feeding time. At 3 months old they can hold a small object such as a rattle for a few seconds if placed in their hand and enjoys observing movements of their own hands and play with them, kicking their legs and waving arms. They can lift their head and turn when placed on their front. At 4 months they will use their arms to support themselves when laying on their stomachs and can turn from their back to their side. They will hold onto and shake small objects. They will, with support start sitting and will gradually sit unaided by 6 months. They will raise their hands in anticipation of being lifted. At 6 months they will roll over and push their head and chest off the floor when placed on their front. Their hand grasp is more prevalent with whole hand use to pass an object from one hand to the next. At 9 months they will start to move around either by crawling or shuffling and are able to sit alone without the need of support. They will reach out for toys when sitting and poke at small items with their index finger. They will use index and middle fingers along with their thumb in a pincer grip to hold onto small objects and will take and hold a small brick in each hand. They will lift a block but are only capable of releasing it by dropping. If a young baby is held upright they will try to make stepping movements on a firm surface. They will be startled by sudden sounds or bright lights. When hungry, in pain, need changing or comforting they will cry. In their first year they will start to move around either by crawling or shuffling and eventually try to start walking with support. They will start to demonstrate hand inclination and pick up small objects using a tidy pincer grip. They enjoy have the ability to feed themselves and will enjoy doing so, holding cups with assistance. They can click 2 cubes together and put cubes into a box after first being shown had to do so. They can understand the world around them and know who their main carers are and may possibly cry when left with someone they are not familiar with. They will wave goodbye and point at things with their fingers. At 18 months they will clumsily hold a pencil or crayon and try to write with it and use their hands skilfully to arrange and move small objects,dropping things onto the floor whilst looking to see where they are. They can walk downstairs with a held hand and push or pull toys when walking. They can now walk alone and will try to kick, throw and roll a ball. They can turn handles and pull off their shoes, they can use a spoon and hold objects with a delicate pincer grip. They can squat to pick up an object from the floor and will assist with dressing/undressing. By 24 months children can walk up and down the stairs using both feet on each step and will climb onto furniture. They can put their own shoes on and start to use their favourite hand. At 3 years old they can draw dots and circles and build a tower with 6 bricks. They can climb, run and pedal a tricycle, jump from small steps and walk upstairs on alternate feet whilst also being able to walk on tiptoe, they can also kick a ball confidently. They will be able to use the toilet alone, undo buttons and thread large beads. They will clumsily hold a pencil or crayon and try to write with it enjoying painting and drawing activities and are capable of drawing a face. They will also enjoy reading books and having stories read to them, turning single pages in the book. They can build towers with up to 9 bricks and bridges with the bricks when shown. At 4 years old they can walk backwards following a line, run, hop throw, aim and catch a large ball. They can using scissors cut around an object and is able to copy a picture of a square. They can construct a large tower, do a 12 piece jigsaw and button/unbutton their clothes. They are now capable of brushing their own teeth. At the age of 5 years they can skip, run quickly, hit a ball with a bat. They can dress/undress themselves with ease, precisely use scissors and form letters whilst writing their own name. They will draw a person with a body, head and legs and a house. They can complete a 20 piece jigsaw. Between the ages of 6 7 years children will enjoy are now capable of hopping, skating roller blading, skateboarding and bike riding. They can balance on a wall or beam, build complex models and have finer control of constructing bricks, jigsaws etc. The can tie/untie laces and sew simple stitches. They will be able to do detailed drawings and take control of their pencil in a small area. Between 8 12 years they will greatly improve on their physical skills that are already acquired. Puberty will start at around 10 years old for girls with an increase in body strength and a sudden growth spurt. Through the ages of 13 19 years a child/young adults brains development will increase in line with their co-ordination and reaction times. For girls by the age of 14 puberty will be complete and periods will be starting whereas with boys puberty will be between the ages of 13 – 16 years and they will become physically stronger than girls. Social and emotional development: this refers to the development of the childs own identity and self image. Some may want to start doing things for themselves and become more independent. They will develop a sense of their own identity. Learning to live in a family unit and with others in society is a vital part of development in which will be contributed by friends and family. In the initial few months babies will recognise familiar voices and faces, they will try to people please and bay for attention by performing for their audience through laughter and giggles. They will enjoy playing games with others such as peek a boo. From birth to 4 weeks a baby will respond unequivocally to the main carer whilst imitating facial expressions. They will stare at shiny, bright objects At 1 month old they will look intently at carers and social smile for them by 6 weeks old. 4 months old they will try and captivate their carers attention by smiling and vocally. 6 months old they become fascinated with other babies and smile at them. They will interact differently to a variety of family members and begin to seek attention. They become more enamoured in social interaction, dependent on his/her personality and time spent with other children. They may use a comfort object such as a blanket or teddy and display a fear of strangers and separation anxieties when without the main carer. By 9 months old they recognise familiar and unfamiliar faces whilst showing stranger anxiety. They are now very curious in all around them. At 1 year old they become more demanding, emotionally temperamental and assertive. Temper tantrums may begin and they may become despondent about changes to their normal schedule. They may express their anger at being told not to do something and start to develop object continuity. They will begin to play alone. They can now distinguish between themselves and others and is aware of the emotions of other individuals yet still self obsessed with regards to their own view of the world. By 18 months they will show signs of stranger shyness and have tantrums when upset often know as the terrible twos They have trouble understanding the concept of sharing and believe that everything is mine They dislike changes to their routine and can be very selfish. They should now start toilet training. At 2 years old they are still reluctant to share but enjoy the company of other children and may show concern if another child becomes upset. They remain self important are starting to become emotionally stable yet still inclined to sudden mood swings. They know their own identity and are learning to have short periods of time separated from their carers such as attending nursery. At 3 years of age they become more confident and self motivated and have a greater social awareness. They may worry about not fitting in or being liked. They will play alongside others and in 2s or 3s, sharing ideas and being friendly to other children. They may also have best friends. They feel stable and emotionally secure and are less anxious with regards to separation. They are becoming more independent but still need the support and guidance of adults and may fear the loss of a carer. They begin to recognise themselves as an individual. They have a strong sense gender identity. Moral development does not normally occur until a child reaches the age of 3. By 4 years old children enjoy role play and dressing up activities. They start to take turns and respond to reasoning whilst enjoying their independence still need reassurance and encouragement. They understand united and competitive events. At 5 years of age they become absorbed in activities and have a positive sense of self awareness. They become concerned about fitting in and being liked. They establish a fear of the unknown such as monsters under the bed or ghosts. Between the ages of 6 – 7 years children to form stable friendships and are very sympathetic of the other persons needs. They tend to play in separate sex groups. They are fairly self-assured and independent with an increased sense of integrity. Friendships become vital between the ages of 8 – 12 years and are mainly same sex friendships. They are anxious of how others view them and are often hesitant with regards to changes. Between the ages of 13 – 19 years puberty and body changes along with a surge in hormones can disrupt self esteem, they may want to spend more time with friends rather than with their family. They may bow to peer pressure but may also become more self assured with regards to changes in surroundings. They need to determine transitions into adulthood. Intellectual development: These are the learning skills of concentration, understanding and memory. This area of development is greatly influenced by the learning practices a child has. They may imitate others and try to find ways of behaving in play. New born babies will stare intently at their carer and cry when a basic need requires consideration. Their head and eyes will turn towards soft light and blink in reaction to bright ones. At 1 month old they will stare and follow the direction of a dangling ball whilst gazing intently at soft lights. At 3 months they track movements of both small and large objects. At 6 months old they can automatically fix their sight onto small objects nearby and reach out to hold them. They are inquisitive and become readily distracted by movements. They will watch objects fall when in range of their vision. They like to put everything into their mouth. At 9 months they will look towards the direction of falling objects. At 12 months of age they will drop objects purposely whilst watching them fall (casting) Should an object roll out of vision they will look correctly to the area it has gone to. They can distinguish familiar individuals up to 6 metres away. They begin to point at objects of interest outside at the age of 18 months and build towers of 3 cubes when first demonstrated to. They will turn pages in books although may be several at a time rather than singular, relish picture books and point to named characters and objects. They will point to various basic parts of the body. From 3 years of age they will match 2 or 3 primary colours and paint with large brushes and make basic cuts with scissors. They can copy crosses and circles and draw a person with a head. By 5 years they are capable of copying squares and a range of letters, often done with a degree of spontaneity. They can now draw a person with a body, head, arms, legs and certain aspects. They can also draw a house. Pictures will be coloured methodically. They can now name primary colours and match 10 or more of them. They can duplicate symbols, numbers and letters and can decipher between lighter and heavier objects. They understand positioning of behind, next to and in front of. They can rote count up to 20 and know the time of day for basic activities such as school time, bedtime etc. By 6 years of age they are attaining the ability to write some words freely and copy others. They can read basic books sight reading 10 or more words. They can count up to 100 and understand the concept of half and whole. They know when it is their birthday and can predict events that are happening next. Paintings and drawings are now more intricate and sophisticated. Between the ages of 6 – 8 years they develop the capability of thinking about several things at once and comprehend the use of symbols in writing and maths etc. They are more inquisitive to the workings of his/her surroundings. They enjoy participating in games and understand rules. Between 8 – 12 years they are increasingly favouring certain subjects and apply reasoning and logic to certain issues. They can read and write with confidence and are becoming more creative in their play. They learn to transfer the knowledge gained from one situation and use it productively in the next task. Ages 13 – 19 years they develop the ability to think more complexly and will query sources of information. They are becoming more aware of global activities and occurrences. They will have a clear inclination for arts and sciences. Options with regards to their future employment and further education are being explored. Communication and speech development Non verbal communication is as vital to children as it is to adults. In fact children are more likely to use it than adults. Speech is a characteristic of development that can alter greatly without any association to other developmental bearing or to the childs intellectual being. Pre-linguistic is the term given to the stage up to approximately 12 months when a child is beginning to say its first words. Linguistic is the descriptive term given to words with meaning. Pre-linguistic stage Birth to 4 weeks a baby will cry when its basic needs are not being met i.e. hungry, needs changing, emotionally distressed. At 1 month old a baby may stop crying at the sound of a human voice (unless distraught) freeze when a sound is played near to their ear, moving their head towards the sound. Coos in reaction to their carers voice. At 3 months old a baby becomes silent and will turn its head towards the noise of a rattle nearby and make vocal sounds when being spoken to or are alone. When 6 months old they will giggle and shriek loudly during play. They respond variably to different tones of voices. They make baby vowel sounds such as goo ga ga and aah-aah They begin to react to sounds that are out of vision with the appropriate visual response. Babies will shout for attention from 9 months and vocalises for a connection. They will begin to use dual syllable words such as baba mam-mam and dad-dad They duplicate adult vocal sounds like lip smacking or coughing. They can comprehend the meaning of no and bye-bye. They will have an instantaneous reaction to to a hearing test performed out of vision and behind the baby. At 1 years of age a baby will know its own name and can perceive roughly 20 words in context. They can comprehend simple messages for example close your eyes, clap hands. They will use gibberish in conversation form with majority vowel sounds. Linguistic stage 12 – 18 months, babies will use between 6 – 20 recognisable words as their first words and can understand much more of what is spoken to them. They will reverberate leading or last words in sentences. They will try to affiliate themselves in nursery rhymes and respond appropriately to simple instructions such as pick up your toy or pass me your cup At 18 – 24 months they begin to make basic 2 word sentences and can use more than 200 words by the age of 2 years old. Their speech will be telegraphic in that they will use key vital words but may miss out connective ones. They will refer to their own name and talk to themselves during play themed activities. Between the ages of 2 – 3 years they have a increasing expanse of dialect including plurals. They can participate in simple conversations and enjoy the repetitiveness of the their favourite stories being re told. They can now rote count to 10. Between 3 – 4 years their speech will understood by strangers and can form short, grammatically accurate sentences. Although they may still make errors of tenses they now begin to ask many questions such as why? who? and how? They can name parts of their body and also name animals. Between the years of 4 – 8 speech is more fluent and precise, they will use a more expressive language. They can inform you of their full name, address and birthday and will enjoy jokes, songs and rhymes etc. They have a increasing expanse of vocabulary – 5,000 words by the age of 5. They will recognise when an unfamiliar word is used and will question the meaning of it and can imitate correctly accents that they have heard. They can form most sounds with some residual trouble at some letter groups. From 8 years onwards the majority of children are fluent speakers, writers and readers off their own language with the enhanced use of peer influenced, de coded speech. With the autistic child I work along side I follow the guidelines of P Levels which is a programme that gives me information on the varying categories of the developmental processs. I then can record each and every stage my autistic pupil is at and refer to what his expectations are and also via his Individual Educational Learning Plan (IEP)

Ecological Hermeneutics Essay -- Science Technology Ecology Papers

To what extent does Hans-Georg Gadamer’s theory of science provide a basis for the articulation of an ecological hermeneutics? As "hermeneutics" is the art of interpretation and understanding, "ecological hermeneutics" is understood as the act of interpreting the impact of technology within the lifeworld. I consider the potential for ecological hermeneutics based upon Gadamer’s theory of science. First, I outline his theory of science. Second, I delineate ecological hermeneutics as an application of this theory. Third, I discuss what can be expected from the act of ecological hermeneutics. Finally, I make some general comments about the affinity between ecological hermeneutics and brute common-sense. Our question is: to what extent does Hans-Georg Gadamer’s theory of science provide a basis for an articulation of an ecological hermeneutics? As "hermeneutics" is the art or activity of interpretation and understanding, "ecological hermeneutics" is to be understood as the activity of interpreting the impact of uses of technology within the context of the lifeworld. (1) Our considerations of the uses of technology (2) include the spheres of scientific research on one hand and industrial production processes on the other, specifically capitalism. The similarity which makes these two spheres felicitous to ecological hermeneutics is their respective detachment from the lifeworld, a detachment which characterizes each of their decision procedures. Gadamer’s hermeneutic enterprise is modeled on a retrieval of the Aristotelian model of science which calls into question the modern notion of ratiocination detached a priori from experience, from the lifeworld. Through this hermeneutic enterprise Gadamer develops a theory of science whic... ...g strategy designed to stimulate sales? (15) Op. cit., trans. David Ross (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. 3. (16) Reason in the Age of Science, p. 8 (17) Ibid., p. 105. Italics mine. (18) In passing it is interesting to note that from the perspective of ecological hermeneutics, such attempts such as Julian Simon’s to discount any aspect of human life which cannot be quantitatively measured are exceedingly tenuous. As he sees it, the "simplest and most accurate measure of health is length of life, summed up as the average life expectancy." But in an effort to remain objective, Simon blatantly overlooks the possibility that life expectancy might have nothing to do with quality of life, as in the cases of terminally ill patients kept alive on respirators. See The Ultimate Resource (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981), p. 130.

Tis Pity Shes A Whore by John Ford Essay -- John Ford Tis Pity Whore

"Tis Pity She's A Whore" by John Ford In this play it would be impossible to accurately assess this idea commenting on Annabella and Giovanni as a single entity. They are extremely different characters with their only common ground being the love they have for each other, and even this is expressed in distinctly different ways with subsequently different consequences. These consequences build up to the conclusion referred to in the question, and so it would also prove hard to answer it directly without having previously discussed what has come before and created such conclusion. At the beginning of the play, I believe that the audience is intended to sympathise with Giovanni. Although his actions are described as 'devilish atheism', this is counterbalanced by his modest language which contrasts greatly to later on in the play. He refers to the Friar as 'Gentle Father' and this humble way of addressing him gives the audience the impression that Giovanni is genuinely asking for help and wants to be 'cured'. Although he argues against much of what the Friar says, his respect for him is obvious as he agrees to take his advice. This may not have carried much weight for the Caroline audience for which this would have been performed, however, as the religion of the English at this time was Protestant, making Catholicism not the favoured denomination. It has even been stated that Ford presented the characters in this play so faulted because of their religious beliefs and nationality, both of which were seen as the enemy. Throughout this scene, Giovanni is attempting to justify his actions and convince the Friar that what he is doing is right, by playing on the religious idea that there is one father, and ... ...how compassion about the consequences of this distorted self-image. (I know I've missed out a bit here, but I think 4 pages is enough and I don't think I could sit here for another  ½ hour.) In conclusion, at the beginning of the play sympathy is possible for both characters. Annabella earns more than this during the course of the play, and is likely to be admired by the audiences from both eras, though would probably have been seem as more promiscuous in the time of writing than would be perceived now. Giovanni on the other hand, through use of apocalyptic figurative language shows a too high opinion of himself and is presented as too self-absorbed to induce anything other than contempt. This is accentuated by the death of Annabella being caused by such traits and highlighted by the irony that she had remained to true to him just to die by his hand.

Defining the Purpose of Education

I believe the purpose of education is to provide children with a wide range of knowledge that will lead them into the future. The journey through education should be an enjoyable experience that they will always remember. The more fun a child has learning the more they will want to learn and the more they will want to be in the classroom. Students should be provided with an environment that is bright, happy, uplifting, and most importantly safe. Students should feel like their classroom is the safest place for them to be. Teachers should make sure that the classroom is equipped with all the essential safety materials. Teachers should set safety rules for the students and make sure they are always followed, to keep physical harm in the classroom from happening. Accidents do happen, so both teachers and students should know what to do incase of an emergency. Students should also feel mentally and emotionally safe. Students should not be afraid to answer a question, express ideas and opinions, or present a project. The teacher should provide the child with confidence to express his or her opinion with out being ridiculed by others. I believe that students should have fun while in the classroom. School is a place where many children make their friends and playmates. Students enjoy doing things with their peers, so I believe that working in groups is a great way to let students† individual intelligence†s add to someone else†s ideas so they end up learning from one another. It†s a great way for students to accept their peers† ideas and incorporate everyone†s ideas in to one finished project. I also believe that children learn though playing. This especially is true for pre-school and kindergarteners. There should be activities in the classroom that caters to every student†s different interests. Such activities center around art, books, music, building blocks, kitchen sets, computers, science activities, sand and water, and toys that will be familiar to them like the ones they would have at home. Through these activities and subjects that are focused on, students should leave the classroom with new knowledge everyday. Teachers should set rules for the classroom to keep the class in order. The student should know the rules on the first day of class and follow them everyday throughout the year. If a rule is broken, the student must face the consequences. This goes for homework assignments also. A child should know when homework assignments are do and if they are not turned in on time they will not be able to turn them in. It is the teacher†s responsibility to have control over the classroom and be in charge. It is also the teacher†s responsibility to make sure all of the students are learning the set curriculum. Assessment will be given sporadically to make sure that the students are learning what is being taught and that they are on the same level as everyone else. Assessments can be oral or written to test the student†s skills. Progress reports should be sent home regularly to let parents know the students† strengths and weaknesses. Parents should be encouraged to work with the children at home on the subject that the child is having trouble with. I hope that my students will remember my classroom and take along the lessons they have learned and use them throughout their lives. Teaching to me is the most rewarding occupation. Teaching children information that can affect their lives forever and to be able to reward them for the accomplishments is going to be the most fulfilling experience that I may ever experience in this life time. I hope that students walk out of my classroom satisfied with themselves and what they have learned in my class.

Free Essays on Roman Religion Vs Todays Religion

Roman Religion in A Romans Everyday Life vs. Religion's Effects on Today "We Romans", said Cicero, "owe our supremacy overall other peoples to our piety and religious observances and to our wisdom in believing that the spirit of the gods rules and directs everything." Roman rites and observances took two main forms. One was the domestic reverence of the spirit or genius of the family. The other was the public attitude to the gods and goddesses by whom the destiny and welfare of the Roman people as a whole were supposed to be guided and controlled. During the Classical period, religious observance accompanied all important private and public events and transactions and, no successful outcome went without a vow of thanks or public dedication. Temples, priests and sacred rites were provided by the State. Nothing in the nature of religious services as we know them, in which the body of worshipers as a whole were able to participate, seems to have been celebrated in the temples. Any set forms of prayers, hymns or chants were performed solely by the official pr iests whose secrets they remained. The ordinary Roman man or woman had little personal part to play in such rites (Handbook To Life In Ancient Greece). While they were being undertaken and fulfilled it was the duty of the ordinary citizen not to interfere or make any disturbance and to refrain from any business affairs. When religiously minded Roman dropped in to a temple in order to worship the god or goddess whose house it was , they had some practical object in view : some personal favor or advantage. They came and perhaps burn incenses. When praying they stood with upturned palms. Sometimes they got as close to the image of the god as they could in order to whisper their pleas; the feet of some of the images were worn by the kisses of generations of worshipers. In addition to paying a fee for admission, the grateful petitioner for divine aid also brought sacrifices and thankful off... Free Essays on Roman Religion Vs Today's Religion Free Essays on Roman Religion Vs Today's Religion Roman Religion in A Romans Everyday Life vs. Religion's Effects on Today "We Romans", said Cicero, "owe our supremacy overall other peoples to our piety and religious observances and to our wisdom in believing that the spirit of the gods rules and directs everything." Roman rites and observances took two main forms. One was the domestic reverence of the spirit or genius of the family. The other was the public attitude to the gods and goddesses by whom the destiny and welfare of the Roman people as a whole were supposed to be guided and controlled. During the Classical period, religious observance accompanied all important private and public events and transactions and, no successful outcome went without a vow of thanks or public dedication. Temples, priests and sacred rites were provided by the State. Nothing in the nature of religious services as we know them, in which the body of worshipers as a whole were able to participate, seems to have been celebrated in the temples. Any set forms of prayers, hymns or chants were performed solely by the official pr iests whose secrets they remained. The ordinary Roman man or woman had little personal part to play in such rites (Handbook To Life In Ancient Greece). While they were being undertaken and fulfilled it was the duty of the ordinary citizen not to interfere or make any disturbance and to refrain from any business affairs. When religiously minded Roman dropped in to a temple in order to worship the god or goddess whose house it was , they had some practical object in view : some personal favor or advantage. They came and perhaps burn incenses. When praying they stood with upturned palms. Sometimes they got as close to the image of the god as they could in order to whisper their pleas; the feet of some of the images were worn by the kisses of generations of worshipers. In addition to paying a fee for admission, the grateful petitioner for divine aid also brought sacrifices and thankful off...

Free Essays on What Makes A Political Theory A Classic

This is a review and analysis of the journal article â€Å"What Makes a Classic in Political Theory†, dated September 1973. In the beginning of the article the author mentions that there are a select few books that he believes are a measure of classics. Even the favored authors he lists are admittedly obscure in their rise to classic standing. He believes that classics are what you were taught as a student, yet it is a rather unsatisfactory reason. Levin suggest five criteria for which a book might be justified as a classic. Using these criteria he undoubtably believes that John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government is a political classic. The work was published in a defense of the 1688 Revolution. The fact that it is still on political students recommended reading leads to a particularly high philosophical quality, yet some do not agree. Levin touches on Locke’s Two Treatises as classic with the consideration of the five questions: 1. Philosophical quality. 2. Original content. 3. Influence on events or other political theorists. 4. The foremost example of a certain category of thought. 5. Extended relevancy beyond their own time of publication to the present, or even to provide judgments of universal application. He admits that there is a lack of originality but that can be associated with other great theorists. His influence is far outweighed by his reputation. He wrote for the people who were not as educated, helping him be more understandable. He concludes with the assessment that Locke relies on the timing of publication rather than his originality. The second part of the article by Michael Levin starts with the idea that Locke’s fame rest on the timing of his views and that he expressed them in a partly new form. So Locke’s ideas were only socially significant due to good timing. His reputation is what seems to catapult his Two Treatises into classic status because of previously written works by Locke on... Free Essays on What Makes A Political Theory A Classic Free Essays on What Makes A Political Theory A Classic This is a review and analysis of the journal article â€Å"What Makes a Classic in Political Theory†, dated September 1973. In the beginning of the article the author mentions that there are a select few books that he believes are a measure of classics. Even the favored authors he lists are admittedly obscure in their rise to classic standing. He believes that classics are what you were taught as a student, yet it is a rather unsatisfactory reason. Levin suggest five criteria for which a book might be justified as a classic. Using these criteria he undoubtably believes that John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government is a political classic. The work was published in a defense of the 1688 Revolution. The fact that it is still on political students recommended reading leads to a particularly high philosophical quality, yet some do not agree. Levin touches on Locke’s Two Treatises as classic with the consideration of the five questions: 1. Philosophical quality. 2. Original content. 3. Influence on events or other political theorists. 4. The foremost example of a certain category of thought. 5. Extended relevancy beyond their own time of publication to the present, or even to provide judgments of universal application. He admits that there is a lack of originality but that can be associated with other great theorists. His influence is far outweighed by his reputation. He wrote for the people who were not as educated, helping him be more understandable. He concludes with the assessment that Locke relies on the timing of publication rather than his originality. The second part of the article by Michael Levin starts with the idea that Locke’s fame rest on the timing of his views and that he expressed them in a partly new form. So Locke’s ideas were only socially significant due to good timing. His reputation is what seems to catapult his Two Treatises into classic status because of previously written works by Locke on...

Tips and Techniques to Avoid Writers Block

Tips and Techniques to Avoid Writers Block Tips and Techniques to Avoid Writer's Block The writing process is rarely a straightforward one. It always comes with periods of self-doubt and lack of inspiration. Most authors struggle to know how to handle these challenges. This is why we decided to interview a specialist on writer's block: Tom Evans.Tom is the author of over 10 books on creativity, meditation and Big Questions. He teaches authors how to ‘meditate’ to get inspiration and words for their books.In this interview, he teaches us simple techniques and principles to keep writer’s block at arm’s length and unlock our creativity - even under tight deadlines!Hit â€Å"play† if you want to hear him offer his advice in a calm, soothing voice; or, alternatively, read the transcript below! Hi Tom, great to have you here! Why don’t you give us a bit of background on your writing career and how you got started as an author unblocker?Sure, I’ll tell you how my career started, because I think most writers end up being writers by accident - you can’t necessarily plan it. I was on a plane going on a holiday to the Caribbean when all of the sudden this idea for a book came in. So I started writing furiously and by the time we landed the first draft was finished. I published it when I got back to the UK, it’s called 100 Years of Ermintrude, as a hommage to One Hundred years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.That was before the Kindle, so I just published it as a PDF-ebook and people started downloading it and liking it! A lot of people started approaching me, saying â€Å"you’ve written a book, can you help me write one?† and it kind of started from there. At the time I was a bored IT consultant. Before I knew it I had written and published a second and third book and was helping a lot of writers with the creative process. But many people came to me as they were stuck, and I had no tools to deal with the â€Å"stuckness†. So I went and learned a bit of hypnotherapy and progression therapy and I discovered mechanisms to unblock pretty much anyone.In all cases of writer's block, there is an underlying life block, which you need to deal with.Let’s say an author approaches you because they’re stuck. What do you do to unblock them, do you look for the underlying life block?There are two main ways of doing it. The first one is to put such a big carrot in front of the author that it blasts the block away: â€Å"look, getting this book out is going to change your career; it’s going to open a bunch of doors, etc.†Or, sometimes, they just don’t have a big enough idea. I was talking to a couple of authors this morning who had been writing this book for 5 years now, but didn†™t have the idea for it formed that well. So I didn’t technically need to do any unblocking; all I needed to do was give them the whole vision for their book - through mind-mapping. I also gave them the structure for the book and how they were going to co-write it. Now they’ve got the vision, they’re up and running.A few weeks ago, we were interviewing Scott Berkun, a speaker and myth-buster on creativity and innovation, and he said that writers’ main problem is laziness. Would you agree with that? What can writers do to avoid it?Yes, it’s actually amazing how people can become creatively uncreative: they get really creative about doing everything else but the creative task.A lot of times, what happens is people have false starts when getting started. I’m sure there are many more half-written manuscripts on people’s hard-drives than there are published books out there. For most of them, it’s because the idea wasn’t st rong enough, so they get to a point where they ask themselves â€Å"where is this going?†So I always start with a structure. Of course I leave the author enough freedom to creatively wander around, but always within a structure. All my books have got a metalayer. For example, for my latest book, I knew it was going to be 18 chapters. And what I do is I make appointments for my chapters in my diary. I move other plans around these appointments, but these are sacred because no one else is going to write my book. It’s a really good discipline to have.And what happens then is that the information that you need to write that following chapter has that uncanny way of just showing up. There are a few neurological reasons for that, but basically your brain tunes in to what you need to write, so you get into that lovely zone on the given day and the chapter just flows.But of course, if you allow other elements to come in, it will disrupt that process and the book will never get written.But doesn’t this outlining, defining of the structure and planning of the writing process impose constraints on your plot and characters that go against the idea that the story will develop by itself?There are two approaches I think. In non-fiction, structure is vital. In fiction, I believe you still need some form of structure. It can be temporal - a chronology you’re going to follow - or event-based, or even character-based.Let’s say you have this classic structure of a character who goes through a journey of trial to find enlightenment, you need to define a meta-level for this character that you’re going to hold, and then you can throw things at the character that will challenge them and help them find their way.If you think about Dan Brown - my guilty pleasure – all his books have this hero A, hero B, and then the albino monk. And you know that at some point the heroes are going to get together and the albino monk will come in as we ll. Having that kind of meta-structure works. Obviously, you let things happen as you let the creative flow come in. But the reason you have a structure is so you finish. I started working with somebody a couple of years ago who has now ended up writing 180,000 words, so we have to split it into a trilogy. If you have a clear structure when you start writing, you know how long the book will be.You also use meditation a lot to unblock authors, slow down time and unlock creativity. How can authors use meditation in order to get past all the things that are an obstacle to the writing?The first thing I want to say is that there’s no mystic around meditation. You don’t need to sit in a dark room or in a cave. It’s a natural thing that we all do. When we fall into our creative zone we are in a meditative state.One thing we all need to remember is that our minds are only capable of having one thought at a time. When you’re thinking about what you’re think ing about, the thought you were thinking gets replaced by the thought you’re thinking about it, you know what I mean?If I’m thinking â€Å"will people really care about the words that I’m writing right now?†, then that takes my mind away from the words themselves. So getting in the meditative state with your eyes open is a fantastic way to get completely absorbed and focused on what you’re doing, and to take your conscious mind out of the loop. You become more of a channel of the work as opposed to a generator of it: it’s almost as if the work comes through you. Very often, I have to read the book that I wrote to work out exactly what I’ve written because I was in such a meditative state when writing that I wasn’t aware of it.The way to get into the eyes-open meditative state is to learn first how to meditate with your eyes closed. I’ve recorded a few visualizations that are free to teach authors how to do that. And as y ou rightly say, when you get into that state, time seems to take that lovely ethereal quality and you get more things done.You mentioned book marketing. That’s the other big thing that authors can be afraid about or don’t know how to handle, and I think marketing also requires a lot of creativity and structure. Do you also help authors on that path?Yes, more and more. I think there are two forms of block: writer’s block and author’s block. Writer’s block is the one that prevents the authors from getting the book written, and author’s block is the block that stops them from getting the book out there.Often, writers can be shy, afraid of public speaking, etc. So I help them with that. Nowadays, thanks to the internet, we can do things like this Hangout, or podcasting. There are lots of ways of being creative about getting the work out there.One of the things I love doing, for example, is serializing bits of my books in audio. You can put those out on podcast channels, you can tweet them, Facebook them, etc.That’s really interesting, because there is a lot of talk around serializing novels now with Kindle Unlimited, and there has been a lot of talk around audiobooks for some time now; but combining the two and serializing audio is something I haven’t seen any authors do so far. Thanks for taking the time to chat with us, Tom!My pleasure! And one last note to finish for all authors out there: you must get yourself a Reedsy profile, they’re absolutely brilliant!Follow Tom Evans and Reedsy on Twitter: @thebookwright  and  @ReedsyHQ!What do you do to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"get in the zone†? How do you manage to power through writer’s block? Leave us your thoughts, or any questions for Tom, in the comments below!